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Regarding the iconography of the Christian cross, the oldest document dates from the third century, and is inscribed in a blasphemous decoration: instead of the face of Christ, there is a donkey’s head, and next to it a character who makes faces and a legend in Greek which says: “Alexander adores his god”.
This cross shows a prisoner resting his feet on a crossbar; We do not distinguish whether he is nailed to the tree or knotted, and the prisoner wears a short tunic, contradicting the custom of the time which was to strip him of all clothing.
In Christianity, the cross is the most important religious-iconographic form and symbol. According to Christian belief, Hz. Since Jesus sacrificed himself to atone for the original sin of mankind, the cross is the symbol of his sacrifice.
The cross was for the Romans a shameful torture, which is why they reserved it for slaves, bandits, murderers and seditious: Jesus was guilty of sedition, which is why he was crucified.
The cross of Christ is very popular to adorn jewelry such as necklaces and signet rings (chevaliere). It’s a way to prove your belief.
The meanings symbolized by the varieties of the cross can be summarized as follows: The cross, whose arms are equal to each other, expresses a propagation or expansion towards the fundamental aspects of space. This cross symbolized the sky and its god Anu in the Sumerians and Assyrians. Among the Greeks, Apollo’s staff was sometimes depicted as a cross.
This cross is found in the Gauls as well as among the peoples belonging to the Bronze period. In addition, the equal arm cross found in Central America, Mexico, and Peru shows four main directions. In China, the cross with equal arms is drawn in a square expressing the earth. The handled cross is the shape of the cross encountered in Egypt and is read as ankh in the hieroglyphic script and means “life”. This cross motif, which is also called the “key of life”, is depicted in Ancient Egypt as being held in the hands of a god, priest or king, symbolizing life and living. The “T” shaped cross is called the “T (tau) cross” because it resembles the Greek letter “T” and has its origin as far as the handled cross in Egypt. The swastika consists of secondary lines attached to the arms of the cross to form four right angles. It is found among the Greeks in Cyprus, Rhodes and Athens, as well as in Italy. In India, this cross is called swastika if the arms are to the right and sauvastika to the left. Buddhists use the swastika on Buddha’s footprints. It entered China and Japan with Buddhism. Empress Wu of the Tang sultan ordered the swastika to be used as a sun sign. In the Indians, swastika represents the male principle and the god Ganesa, while sauvastika represents the female principle and the goddess Kâlî.
